Into the wild music Essay Example For Students

Chinese Mine Explosions essays

Chinese Mine Explosions articles Three coal mineshaft blasts happened in China this past Wednesday, October 20. The most destroying of which occurred in Xinmi, situated in the region of Henan. A few gas blasts in the mine have left rescuers to discover sixty four dead bodies, and as yet looking for eighty four more. Hurray News and Reuters UK have written about this occurrence from two varying perspectives, and this originates from who they accept is answerable for the episodes. Yippee News provides details regarding the occurrences as though they are the deficiency of the managers controlling the mines. In a statement taken from Li, whose nephew was caught in the mine, and is yet to be discovered says that There was a ton of talk in the mine that the mine manager was nothing more than a bad memory. A ton of the excavators didn't care for him. The China Labor Bulletin, a Hong Kong based human rights bunch says that there are more than twenty thousand coal mineshaft related passings every year in China. They accept that the explanation behind this originates from the coal mining supervisors' absence of regard for wellbeing required for the laborers to work in great conditions. The gathering accepts that there are numerous fatalities that go unreported by mine supervisors so they won't be dependent upon punishments, and furthermore that their mine won't be closed down. Numerous individuals have assembled outside of the Xinmi mine with the expectation that they will get some updates on their relatives sooner. From what Yahoo News has detailed, the issue of this specific mining mishap, and different ones too lies with the mining managers' absence of thoughtfulness regarding security. Reuters UK covers the occurrences that occurred on Wednesday centers around a great deal of administrative related issues that appear to have caused these passings. China's administration depends intensely on their own creation of coal as a modest method to discover vitality. The administration squeezes excavators and mine supervisors to amplify their creation of coal. Li Dun, a humanist at Beijing's Qinghua University, says tha... <!

How to Make Yourself Redundant as an Entrepreneur

How to Make Yourself Redundant as an Entrepreneur © Shutterstock.com | Mila Supinskaya GlashchenkoIn this article, we will look at 1) why you need to make yourself redundant and 2) how to make yourself redundant as an entrepreneur.WHY YOU NEED TO MAKE YOURSELF REDUNDANT1) How Important Are You?For many new and small businesses, the step toward making the founder redundant is never taken. The entrepreneur is so used to relying on only himself to make all decisions as well as do most of the work that this thought is never at the forefront. Old habits become very hard to break and it becomes impossible to imagine a situation where the entrepreneur is not an irreplaceable part of the business machinery. Whatever the entrepreneur’s background (accounts, programming, marketing, or creativity) there is a high likelihood of them being essential and overworked.2) A Difficult RealizationThough it is very hard to come to terms with the realization that you as an entrepreneur have the option of making yourself redundant, it is a vital step t oward taking the business further. The key here is to begin to work on the business instead of for the business. This statement is more than a play on words. If you take a step back from the daily grind of running a business, you will have that much more time to spend on planning, strategizing and setting goals for the future and growth of the business. If you do not take this step back, you remain self-employed with many, often overpaid, assistants.3) Achieving RedundancyThis may be an easier task to accomplish for some business models than others, but if it is achieved, then a self-sustaining robust business can be created. According to Guy Hargreaves, a network marketing professional, there are four key steps that an entrepreneur can take to work toward making themselves redundant to the daily workings of their own business. These are:Hire the right people This means finding and bringing on board people who share your vision and will fit into the company culture you are trying t o foster. Your task then is to show these people a clear vision and step out of the way to allow them to execute.Delegate the actual work to the best people In order to achieve redundancy, you will need to delegate important tasks to the right people. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the most capable and trustworthy people are delegated to these tasks.Work on their growth  With the right people, you then need to work on their growth and development to make them capable of taking responsibility for the work and outcomes as well as to trust them with major operational decisions.Encourage team members to grow and develop on their own Along with your work on developing the team, encourage the members to find ways to grow and develop themselves also.These four steps are explored further in the rest of the article. As a redundant boss, you will have time to think and plan again while your empowered team actually runs the business.Bad leaders spend the maximum time on the job, micr omanaging and pursuing novelty for its own sake until they become a burden on the organization. Good leaders spend the minimum time on the job, but everything they do has a positive effect.“ (Yoshito Hori, President GLOBIS)HOW TO MAKE YOURSELF REDUNDANTOnce the entrepreneur has realized the need to make herself redundant and feels that the time is right to do so, the following steps can be taken to ensure that the company is in the right hands.1) Hiring the Right PeopleThe first key step is to ensure that the right people are brought onboard. Often, the number one mistake cited by entrepreneurs is hiring the wrong person for the job. An employee who is a mismatch with the job requirements or the company culture can end up being a critical mistake. Getting the hiring right in the first go will help the company avoid expensive and time consuming consequences. It will also help the company hit the ground running by filling a gap and completing a team.An entrepreneur needs to keep the following points in mind when hiring for a position:Understand the Strengths and Culture of the Organization The smaller the company, the more vital it is to ensure that every single person is the right fit for not only their own job but also the organizational culture as a whole. A good place to begin this understanding is to conduct a strengths assessment for the organization. Much like a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats), this assessment can help highlight personality and behavioral traits as well as natural talents that are needed for the business. If the owner of the business is not aware of these strengths and how to leverage them, it will show through in a faulty hiring process. Candidates will not be assessed against correct criteria and required competencies may be missed out.Assess the Candidate’s Practical Experience  Another key point is to assess a candidate’s practical experience according to the skills you need not only at the moment , but also to grow the team and the organization. By assessing future compatibility, the candidate will be able to grow and expand as the company grows and expands.Assess the Candidate’s Specific Strengths Check whether the candidate in question is strong in the areas needed to perform the job he is being considered for. These strengths should fill any existing gaps in the team to ensure that the full talents of team are leveraged for optimal company performance.Assess the Candidate’s Cultural Fit  This very vital area may be pushed into the background if the company manages to find a candidate with the right skill set and strengths needed for a particular job. However, a fit into the culture of the organization can often make the biggest difference between a strong team member and a weak one. The candidate needs to work well with others and share the same values and goals. The interview process can help identify traits that will show the potential to fit well into the existin g culture provided that there is a prior understanding of the key elements that form the culture.According to Mike Laven, CEO of Currency Cloud, great people make a great company and it’s all about the team. For a new business that may have very little money, a strategy in process, and the beginnings of a product, the right team becomes even more essential. He cites three main points to focus on when bringing on new people.Do They Want to Practice?  The key to finding the right employee isn’t just finding someone who is willing to stay late or work on the weekends. This hard work may just be to impress the boss. Instead, it means finding people who want to practice and not just win the game. In business terms, it will mean an employee who focuses on the fundamentals of the business to get these building blocks right. This may not be the most exciting element of the new business, but it is the one that will lead to the creation of a strong, self-sustaining business.Do They Fit t he Culture?  As mentioned briefly above, getting the culture right is an important component of success. This Harvard Business Review article goes so far as to state that culture will trump strategy every time. So any new employee needs to fit in with the existing culture and be passionate about creating a customer base and building up the company.Do They Learn?  With smaller companies with less defined departmental roles and tasks, it is important to assess an employee’s ability to learn rather than what they have worked on in the past. A candidate may have the best résumé, but if they are not able to learn from their jobs and apply it to their current work, then the prior work experience may become useless. Within a job role in a small company, an employee needs to be able to quickly learn from a mistake and rectify it to ensure that it does not happen again.Tips on Hiring from Richard BransonRichard Branson is arguably one of the world’s most successful and enigmatic entr epreneurs. He cites hiring employees as one of the most important jobs that an entrepreneur has. His tips include:A great personality goes a long way. A candidate with the right skill set may rub a team the wrong way right out the door. To make sure this does not happen, Branson suggests conducting group interviews to find someone who is fun, friendly and caring.A résumé is just a piece of paper. Apart from some jobs such as a doctor or a scientist, the number of degrees on a résumé may not be the best indicator of suitability.A person who has multiple degrees in your field isnt always better than someone who has broad experience and a great personality.When is the right time for someone new? At times, a cozy work environment needs to be shaken up with a new person. The time for this needs to be assessed organically and cannot be planned.Great hiring takes time and a healthy dose of curiosity. You need to meet a lot of people, ask them about themselves and their careers, and tel l them about yourself and your company in turn. So relax and be yourself the people you eventually choose are, after all, going to play big parts in your shared adventure of building a business.2) The Importance of DelegatingEntrepreneurs will often find themselves bogged down by the overwhelmingly huge pile of work involved in running a new business. To find more hours in the day to finish more work, entrepreneurs need to delegate responsibly to their teams. Some of the excuses for failure to delegate given by entrepreneurs include:I’m too busy to take the time to delegate/train a team memberI’m too busy to explain tasks or projectsI’m the only person who can do the job rightI’m the most responsible person for the jobIf I delegate, I’ll lose controlWith excuses such as these, work piles up, there is a back log and those tasks that actually require the entrepreneur’s attention get lost in busywork. On the other hand, people with a great skill set and experience will be sitting around doing nothing to earn their salaries. Employees who are motivated and energized will lose interest, and dissatisfaction and lack of productivity will become endemic.The way to avoid this situation is to delegate responsibly by giving opportunities to employees who are interested in learning new skills, gaining knowledge and connecting with the organization. This delegation can become an important tool for motivating employees. These motivated employees mean a productive organization.How to DelegateWith the importance of delegation established, there are some important points to keep in mind while doing so.Identify the best person for the job  The best person for the task of delegation may not be the most experienced or most knowledgeable, but one who is motivated and eager to learn. This person demonstrates the potential to be able to handle more responsibility. This person can be identified by getting to know all your employees in depth, their strengths and challeng es as well as their interests.Clearly identify project goals and key steps  Once the person has been selected, make sure that you explain the project goals and steps required to be performed in detail. Ask pointed questions such as “What part of the process will you take care of first?”, “What will you require additional resources for?”, “What part is unclear?”Establish clear milestones and deadlines Most entrepreneurs are used to setting their own milestones and achieving them, so they may not realize that a person new to the task may need some clearer direction. Ensure that they have clearly defined and understood milestones with reporting structures in place. This will allow the project to stay on track and the entrepreneur to stay on top of the project.Provide frequent feedback  A beginner will need to receive balanced feedback on a regular basis. This means both positive and negative feedback to ensure that they know how they stand and whether they are meeting de adlines and timelines as well as expectations.Review progress on completion  Once the project is completed, take the time to review progress with the employee who was in charge. This will help identify best practices as well as those steps which may need to be changed or modified for next time. It will also allow the boss to see how much capacity the employee has to learn and grow.What Not to DelegateKnowing what to delegate and when is vital to ensuring an entrepreneur’s redundancy from the business. However, there are always a few keys tasks that need to be performed by the business owner herself. These key tasks determine how the organization will grow and function and should not be entrusted to possibly untried and less experienced individuals.Strategic Vision and Values  It is the head of an organization that can properly provide vision and direction to the company. Without this direction, the company will not be able to function and move forward cohesively, despite a promi sing idea and product.Brand Positioning  It is the head of the organization that needs to study the market and understand the company’s product offering in detail. Often, entrepreneurs are the ones with clear ideas in this area. The details of this positioning may require expert term members to step in, but a general direction should be provided by the head.Hiring  Since finding the right people at the onset helps set the tone for the organization, it may be a good idea to keep the hiring in the domain of the entrepreneur. This could be limited to the key team members or senior officials for the company. The vital element here is to make sure that the new hires fit into the culture and vision of the company.Firing  Difficult decisions, when it comes to employees, are never anyone’s favorite task to perform. But having a CEO address this in keeping with HR guidelines and practices can help the company better understand what went wrong and how hiring practices can be improved.3 ) Team Growth And DevelopmentThe last two factors for effectively making yourself redundant are to ensure that team development and growth remain a key focus for both the entrepreneur and the team itself. This will help the company and team grow together and keep pace with new developments and turns a company may take.When developing a management team and equipping them to handle operations, it is vital to understand that most of them will need some support and training to fill their new roles in the right way. Some of these people may require formal training, while others may need mentoring and support.Some ways in which teams can be supported in their path to development include:Have a yearly training budget dedicated to helping the team upgrade and augment their existing skills.Establish mentoring and coaching programs to help people proactively pursue these endeavors.Establish job rotation and cross-training programs to give employees insight into all areas of the business.Help set learning goals for the employees for both personal ambitions and professional skills.

William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night And Thomas Middleton...

The Renaissance: Essay 1 revisited The Renaissance was a time of cultural and social revolution in England, at least in the south of it. The plays and playwrights of the time challenged the societal norms and pushed boundaries into never before thought of areas, this essay will show how Renaissance drama was subversive and created the world we live in today. The two plays I will be focusing on are: William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night and Thomas Middleton s Women beware Women . Both share similar themes yet go about them very differently to one another. Twelfth Night (or What You Will ) was written in 1601, near the middle of Shakespeare s career, and a mere 15 years before his death in 1616. Considered by many critics as one of his greatest comedies, Twelfth Night is about deception, disguises and madness, along with the bizarre things caused by love itself. This play is also one of Shakespeare s plays that include a female protagonist, pretending to be a man. (At the time of the play all parts where played by men, so Viola would have been a man pretending to be a women who was also pretending to be a man!) Viola, the female protagonist, like many of Shakespeare s heroines is likeable from the get go with no real character flaws to note of and no serious faults to note of. (Discounting her decision to dress as a man, as it sets the plot in motion.) And while other character s love is a fickle thing, such as Orsino who can t decide between Olivia and

The Declaration Of Independence, Immigration Policy And...

During the course of this class I found many of the topics to be very interesting. The four topics that gained the most interest from me was; The Declaration of Independence, Immigration Policy and The Constitution. Throughout this essay I will discuss why I found these topics interesting. The first topic I will discuss is The Declaration of Independence. According to the Heritage Foundation the Declaration of Independence is the founding document of the American political tradition. It articulates the fundamental ideas that form the American nation: All men are created free and equal and possess the same inherent, natural rights. While doing research on The Declaration I discovered many interesting facts on constitution.com. The first†¦show more content†¦He had originally included information condemning the British promotion of the slave trade. In spite of Jefferson’s objections criticism of the slave trade was removed. Another interesting piece of information I found was that some of the most famous lines in the Declaration of Independence were inspired by Virginia’s Declaration of Rights by George Mason. Mason said: all men are born equally free and independent.† Jefferson s Declaration of Independence said: We hold these truths to be s elf-evident, that all men are created equal. Mason listed man s â€Å"natural Rights† as â€Å"Enjoyment of Life and Liberty, with the Means of acquiring and possessing Property, and pursuing and obtaining Happiness and Safety.† Jefferson listed man s inalienable rights as Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. The last thing I found interesting about this topic is no one who signed the Declaration of Independence was born in the United States. The United States didn t exist until after the Declaration was signed, but eight of the signers were born in colonies that would become the United States. The next topic I found very interesting was Immigration Policy. Immigration policy is any policy of a state that deals with the transit of persons across its borders into the country, but especially those that intend to work and stay in the country. Immigration policies can range from allowing no migration at all to allowing most types of migration, such as free immigration. According

Clearer Understanding of the Stress Phenomenon Free Essays

string(21) " do flight or fight\." The word stress has been used al lot nowadays. To us stress means something that puts pressure on some part of our life. However this is just a small piece in the puzzle. We will write a custom essay sample on Clearer Understanding of the Stress Phenomenon or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stress is an explanatory factor in numerous personal or social problems. In other words Stress is the normal response of your body to any change. We feel it when we pass from a warm to a cold room, when we run for a bus. Stress prepares us for change by pumping adrenaline into your system. In this process our muscles get tense, our heart pounds, our blood pressure rises. We use this mechanism for adapting and surviving. However if this response is constantly triggered and surpasses illness or even death may follow. We as humans cannot avoid stress, we can nonetheless learn to use to our advantage. Many people have numerous problems that occurred from stress. Problems like cholesterol, insomnia, high blood pressure, and stomach ulcers, chronic back pain and other very serious and fatal diseases. However you can learn to make life easy for yourself by many stress management techniques such as breathing right, eating right, exercising, and using relaxation techniques. In the early 19th century, scientists tried to explain the phenomena of how humans are affected by our surroundings and daily activities. Claude Bernard was one of those scientists that tried to prove the body†s motions during a stress related event. He emphasized how the underlying conditions affect free and in depended life. He said â€Å"every living animal tends to maintain a state of internal stability in spite of changes in the external environment†. Scientist Walter Cannon was another pioneer in the studies of psychology that gave his work recognition in today†s society. He concluded from his work that animals or primate men, when confronted by danger to their internal equilibrium, would either prepare to fight or to take flight. However it took the work of Hans Selye to provide clearer understanding of the stress phenomenon. He noted that various factors like chills, traumas, and infections produced a stereotyped syndrome characterized by hypertrophy and hyperactivity. Then in 1950 he introduced the symptoms as â€Å"stress†. Today we still don†t have the unanimous definition of the term stress. Many people give different definitions to the word. Some give it the meaning that is, the group of biochemical changes, which typically occur in the organism when the internal equilibrium is threatened. Others psychologists use the term â€Å"stress† to talk of a stimulus. There are many psychological reactions to stress. These biochemical reactions may be benign, but in some cases they alter the body†s functioning to the point of inducing illness or death. Many of the reactions are well known like the heart rate increases, muscles tend to contract and a lot of the time perspiration increases. All of these reactions are very little for importance. Emotional and behavioral reactions to stress are often more apparent than psychological reactions since everyone could see. That†s why when a human being reacts to a stimulus you can see if he or she laughs cries, jumps. Emotions and behaviors due to culture vary, personality varies and time period always changes. Another very important criteria that help define stress are the present of stimuli or other agents that make us react to stress. However this criterion varies because of different traits that the human being may have. Many laboratories testing on humans have been done to show that humans react to different stimuli in different ways. Humans in many testing were subjected to loud noises or sometimes would be shown stimuli like a dog barking or even a snake. All of these things were great stimuli†s that affected the human in different ways. Stress may not be triggered by all the stimuli to which we are exposed but by the action of certain psychological factors, which make us perceive certain stimuli as dangerous, or threatening to life. Also perceptions of danger depend on many things. For example, past experiences, cognitive expectations which is the way you interpret the situation, personality, and your emotional factors. Many researchers have found several general rules that depict stress agents. One is that pervious experiences of stress agents diminish the stress felt. It has also shown that the greater the stimulation the greater the stress felt. Another stimuli is emotions. With the increase of emotional intensity of an experience the lower the stress level becomes. However the stress level can never be at zero because that means that you†re dead. When a person has a very low stress level it isn†t good. Low levels of stress can cause symptoms similar to those of intense stress. Many researchers use the word stress to describe not only reactions that humans or animals give off, but also the many internal pressures that provoke these reactions. Another name for this is â€Å"stress agent†. Hans Selye defined the stress agent as any demand made on the mind or body. Some people think that only life threatening situations are stressful for human beings. I personally believe that stress has to do with the individual person and how he perceives the stressor. Stress agents can be negative or positive, pleasant or unpleasant. Some say that anticipation of an event is more stressful then the actual event. One example of this is skydiving. When you get to specific height and you have to jump you become so stressed that you are afraid to jump. Even if you know you won†t die. On the other hand an unexpected occurrence can cause greater stress on a person. Like a car accident can cause great stress because of amnesia or sometimes even comas. When a human is stressed it is being in a state of psychological alert. This provides a better perception of danger. When confronted with a dangerous situation we as humans think of two things that we can do flight or fight. You read "Clearer Understanding of the Stress Phenomenon" in category "Essay examples" We use fight when we want to defend ourselves, or flight when we want to live or survive the danger by not interfering with it. However a very high level of activation can bring about a state of physical or psychological distress. In today†s world fight or flight response is very useful. It can help us to escape a fire or survive a disaster. When the body prepares for a fight or flight response, the adrenal gland releases hormones into the body, increasing the heart rate as well as the blood pressure. In many cases digestion stops eyesight is sharpened and muscles tense. Stress doesn†t only cause physical illness but also mental illness. Some symptoms are benign and common but such as fatigue and muscles however too much stress can bring on depression and even schizophrenia. According to Epstein moderate stress can help achieve self-concept. However heavy stress can rapidly unbalance self concept functions like threat to physical integrity and loss of self-esteem. He defined many of these functions as â€Å"maintaining new experiential data and maintaining self esteem. If an imbalance occurs, the individual may become defensive in order to keep his self-concept enact, and varying degrees of pathological symptoms appear†. Many psychologists agree that defense mechanisms are ways of facing stress. A good defense mechanism that has been proven to work is humor and jokes. Another example of a defense mechanism is denial. Denial can either help or hurt you. For example if a women has breast cancer and she is in denial that she has this disease, she then can hurt herself by not going to the doctor and trying to solve the problem and try to treat it. However she can be in denial and not do something that can alter her well being permanently like taking her own life as a means of escape from the illness. There are many psychological disorders however the two most known and common are macro-stressors and micro stressors. A serious accident or a very stressful experience are very good examples of macro-stressors. Reactions to these stressors are so intense that it causes temporary chronic traumatic neurosis. A good example of micro-stressors is depression. These stressors may vary because of daily criticism, unrealistic goals, and sometimes lack of social communication. Both of these stressors bring on difficulties in breathing, frequent sighing, and a lot of the times emptiness in the stomach. In most cases these symptoms disappear with time however for some people this becomes into a chronic condition and it disturbs their every day life. They lose all interests in everyday activities, develop problems at work and live in a state of mind where they are afraid of their own self-confidence. To control stress Psychologist say that stress management is the only way to go. The reason for this is because managing stress through special techniques will reduce the stress that affects your health in a bad way. Self-management comes from a belief in internal rather then external controls of ones life. Many people think that their lives are directed by destiny. However this has never been proven. In my opinion and many psychologist opinion is that self determination of ones power to maintain or modify your behavior according to your goals will overcome any obstacles. A lot of what stress management consists of is in the body. Selye believed that adaptation energy is limited and the cause of most deaths related to stress. However we see in many cases that this isn†t true because we as humans know that being in good physical and mental condition helps us overcome daily difficulties and traumatic life events. Managing stress is a very important thing. However their is a limit on the right way to manage internal factors that act on stress is to take care of your body with the following. Exercising is the primary stress reducer that we are exposed too. Exercise is a very important factor in keeping physically fit. Exercising acts directly on hart efficiency, blood circulation in the lungs and in the vascular system. Exercising lets us digest better look better and feel better. Another important aspect to reducing stress is eating properly. A good diet gives the body the right amount of nourishment that it needs to survive. Eating the wrong foods stress the body because it lacks normal functioning and harms the body†s cells. Another very important and crucial aspect of stress reduction is relaxation and relaxation techniques. Never ending activities and daily worries are constant sources of tension. Because of this we need to relax. To relax many people often smoke cigarettes or even weed. Other use tranquilizers and drink liquor. In today†s society we find out that these types of â€Å"stress reducing agents† are wrong and sometimes fatal. About 20-30% of Americans smoke and this increases the lung cancer risk by 700%. Smoking also brings on other dangerous problems with the liver kidneys and poor heart and blood circulation. Many relaxation methods more natural and safer than drugs should be used. The right methods reduce the psychological effects of tension. This helps to slow down adrenal secretions and allow the parasympathetic nervous system to work with ease. Physical conditioning was only introduced to us in the beginning of the 19th century when scientist found a correlation between health and fitness. Exercises help people consentrate, improve sleep and get rid of aggression that gives us stress. Exercising also gives us a feeling of personal control and provides us with greater bodily awareness. Physiologists say that sports act as medicine for relieving most stressful situations. It takes your mind away from pain and lets you relieve it. When people exercise it also gives them more energy to do other things because you get tired less quickly. All of this is a very beneficial stress reducing agent. However if you don†t exercise you can increase your risks of obesity, bad digestive functioning, back pain, and other problems of the body. For our body†s to function well we need a good diet. A good diet consists of carbohydrates, fats, protein, minerals and water. To have all of these aspects you need a balanced diet. There has been a lot of evidence that having a poor diet increases stress levels. When a person doesn†t eat right that stresses the body by preventing normal metabolism. To reduce stress you have to eat the right food. If you have low calcium levels you should start eating more dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurts. Many dieticians prefer eating whole grain products because they contain alimentary fibers needed for digestion. Fruits and vegetables are another source of healthy foods. They provide us with vitamins we need for living. You should reduce the fat content by about thirty percent because the more fat you eat the more stress you are putting on the functioning organs in your body like the heart. There are many relaxation techniques that you can do. Some have to do with playing a sport or some you can do while doing nothing at home. The most important and the most affective relaxation techniques have to do with ones control over mind and body. Meditation is one thing you can do that helps to achieve a stress free environment. Meditation has to do with centering your attention on one thing. The two main goals that are tried to reach during meditation are states of a deep relaxation and a mental state of awakening and alertness. When you reach a state were you feel relax your body also relaxes and takes time out for itself. The body slows down and you feel warm and comfortable. However there is no scientific proof of this but it works and helps to relieve stress. Another very affective way to achieve peace within your body is to tighten specific muscles. You must first learn what muscles you have to relax, and then you begin the process. When you find the muscles and tighten them you then let the muscle loose up, which gives a very comfortable feeling. This feeling is equivalent to taking a hot bath after exercising. Laboratory tests have shown that this exercise really reduce stress a lot. Stress cannot be avoided, however we can limit the amount of it that is subdued on us. Each time the body reacts to a stressor, numerous biochemical changes occur. If the stressor goes beyond the available adaptive abilities, illness or even death may occur. We as humans instead of battling stress need to reduce the amounts that we are exposed to. We should do what we need to stop the hurting of our body. We need to adopt a lifestyle that is stimulating and maintain a physical and mental state which gives a resistance to stressors. How to cite Clearer Understanding of the Stress Phenomenon, Essay examples

The History And Background Of Tesco Accounting Essay Example For Students

The History And Background Of Tesco Accounting Essay Tesco is one the UKs biggest nutrient supermarket offering a assortment of services for nutrient and non-food merchandises which include insurance, amusement, electrical goods and many more. It employs over 500,000 people around the universe with over 300,000 in the UK itself. It has around 3000 shops in the UK and a turning figure of shops abroad in states such as Thailand, China, Hungary, India and the United States. ( Tesco website ) Harmonizing to the company one-year studies in 2011 Tesco made ?72.0bn gross revenues all over the universe in which 66 % was from U.K. It is quickly reportedly the no 1 supermarket in U.K following by Sainsbury s, Asda and Morrison s. Harmonizing to a study done by Telegraph it was believed that one lb in every seven that is spent in British stores goes through Tesco s boulder claies. The chief ground of choosing Tesco for the essay is its popularity among the consumers and its variegation from merely being into food markets to get downing their ain fiscal services. Tesco was one of first shops to travel planetary from U.K in footings of supermarket. We will write a custom essay on The History And Background Of Tesco Accounting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This essay will discourse accounting policies of Tesco in relation to non-current assets and will compare them with the International accounting criterions ( IAS ) . Then it will pull a decision how they are of import to company s public presentation and how premises and opinions made by direction affect in measuring of its non-current assets. Besides in the terminal the essay will discourse proposed alterations in International Financial Reporting Standards and how they may impact the public presentation and place of Tesco. Outline1 Non Current Assetss2 Property, Plant and EquipmentA3 Features4 Condition5 Recognition6 Measurement after acknowledgment7 Significance8 Investing Property9 Features10 Condition11 Recognition12 Measurement after acknowledgment13 Significance14 Premises and estimations15 Depreciation and amortization16 Pensions17 Proposed alterations in International Financial Reporting Standards18 IAS 19 ( Amended )19 IAS 17 Leases20 Decision Non Current Assetss IFRS defines an Asset as: A resource controlled by the endeavor as a consequence of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flux to the endeavor. By and large there are 2 types of Asset which include Current and Fixed or Non Current Assets. Non-current assets typically form a big proportion of the entire assets of a company. The accounting policies and appraisal techniques that are used in relation to non-current assets frequently have a material impact on the overall place and public presentation of a company. Tesco prepare their fiscal statements in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards and Company Act 2006. They are prepared on the historical cost footing, except for certain fiscal instruments, share-based payments, client trueness programmes and pensions that have been measured at just value. By traveling through the Tesco fiscal statements it has been observed that the company has the undermentioned Non Current Assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets Property, works and equipment Investing belongings Investings in joint ventures and associates Other investings Loans and progresss to clients Derivative fiscal instruments Deferred revenue enhancement assets The subdivision below will discourse some points from above and will compare them to International accounting criterions and find the importance to the place and public presentation of the company. Property, Plant and EquipmentA Harmonizing to IAS 16A Property, Plant and EquipmentA draw the accounting intervention for most types of belongings, works and equipment. The primary map in accounting for belongings, works and equipment are the acknowledgment of the assets, the finding of their carrying sums and the depreciation charges and impairment losingss to be recognised in relation to them. Features Harmonizing to IAS 16 Property, works and equipment are touchable points that: are held for usage in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative intents are expected to be used during more than one period Condition The cost of an point of belongings, works and equipment shall be recognised as an plus if, and merely if: There would be possible economic benefits from the point and which will flux to the entity The cost of the point can be measured faithfully. Recognition An point of belongings, works and equipment that meet the demands for acknowledgment as an plus shall be measured at its cost. The cost of an point of belongings, works and equipment should be recognised at the purchase day of the month. Measurement after acknowledgment There are two theoretical accounts available that a company can utilize in its accounting policy ; the cost theoretical account or the reappraisal theoretical account Cost Model After acknowledgment as an plus, an point of belongings, works and equipment shall be carried at its cost less any accrued depreciation or damage. A The deprecation should be based on twelvemonth terminal residuary value. There are 3 types of deprecation method which can be used. ( Warren, Reeve and Duchac, 2009 ) Straight line Decreasing Balance Unit of measurement of Production Revaluation Model -The plus is carried at a re-valued sum, being its just value at the day of the month of reappraisal less subsequent depreciation and damage, provided that just value can be measured faithfully. A Significance Plant, Property and equipment does nt number towards bricks and howitzer merely but plays a really significance function in accounting. Noncurrent assets are by and large more profitable than current assets, but besides carry more hazard as they might be hard to change over into hard currency. In Tesco Property, works and equipment is carried at cost less accrued depreciation and any recognized damage in value. Property, works and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line footing to its residuary value over its expected utile economic life. The undermentioned depreciation rates are applied for the Group: Freehold and leasehold edifices with greater than 40 old ages unexpired at 2.5 % of cost Leasehold belongingss with less than 40 old ages unexpired are depreciated by equal one-year episodes over the unexpired period of the rental ; and Plant, equipment, fixtures and adjustments and motor vehicles at rates fluctuating from 9 % to 50 % . .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .postImageUrl , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:hover , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:visited , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:active { border:0!important; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:active , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jurassic Park Essay SummaryFor illustration it can be seen that the entire cost of land A ; edifice and others are recorded at cost of ?34,772 Million and Accumulated depreciation and damage losingss are charged at ?8,172 Million to cut down down the figure to ?25710 Million. In 2012 Tesco made a net income of ?376 million on belongings from around ?1 billion of disposals. The net income on belongingss has played a critical function in conveying up the net income to entire ?3,835 Million. Furthermore Tesco has purchased more Plant, belongings and equipment worth ?3,274 Million for future trading intents. ( Tesco one-year study, 2012 ) Investing Property Investing propertyA is belongings ( land or a edifice or portion of a edifice or both ) held ( by the proprietor or by the leaseholder under a finance rental ) to gain leases or for capital grasp or both. Features Harmonizing to IAS 40, Investment belongings is non considered as belongings if it ( a ) Use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative intents ; or ( B ) Sale in the ordinary class of concern Condition A belongings may be classified and accounted for as investing belongings provided that: ( a ) It meets the needed criterion in definition ( B ) The operating rental is treated as a finance rental in conformity with IAS 17 Leases ; and ( degree Celsius ) The leaseholder uses the just value theoretical account set out in this Standard for the plus recognised. Recognition Investing belongings should be recognised as an plus when it is likely that the future economic benefits that are associated with the belongings will flux to the entity, and the cost of the belongings can be faithfully measured. Investment belongings is ab initio measured at cost, including dealing costs. Measurement after acknowledgment IAS 40 allows the coverage entity to follow either the just value theoretical account or the cost theoretical account as its accounting policy for investing belongings. A Fair value model- Under the just value model the investing belongings is revalued to fair value. Any alterations in just value are recognized in net income or loss in period of alteration. Besides no deprecation is recorded for the period. Cost model- An entity utilizing shall mensurate ALL of its investing belongings in conformity with IAS 16 Property, Plant A ; Equipment demands for that theoretical account. Assetss should be reported at cost less accrued depreciation and accumulated impairment losingss. Besides depreciation disbursal should be recognised each period Significance One of the cardinal investing necessities that a belongings investor needs to be cognizant of is the gross rental output. The gross output is a step of the relationship between an investing belongingss income bring forthing capacity ; the rent it produces and its capital value. ( Welland Media Limited, 2012 ) Tesco uses cost theoretical account where Investment belongings assets are carried at cost less accrued depreciation and any recognized damage in value. The depreciation policies for investing belongings are consistent with those described for owner-occupied belongings. For 2012 the recorded cost for investing belongings is ?2253 Million and the deprecation ( besides includes impairment losingss ) histories to be ?262 Million. The Net transporting value at terminal of the twelvemonth which is ?1991 can be seen in balance sheet. The estimated just value of the Group s investing belongings is ?4.3bn for 2012.This just value has been determined by using an appropriate rental output to the leases earned by the investing belongings. The entire rental income Tesco received for 2012 is ?605 Million which has contributed towards the uninterrupted operation of the coverage. Premises and estimations Appraisal, premises and opinions in the accounting policies play a really critical function while fixing the fiscal histories for any company. The uncertainness factor can significantly alter the existent consequences so the estimations made by the directors in the accounting policies. Some houses have used estimations and opinions to unsuitably pull strings their fiscal statements. In Tesco the direction makes all the opinions, estimations and premises while fixing the amalgamate Group fiscal statements and its determination affects the policies and reported sums of assets and liabilities, income and disbursals. The estimations and associated premises are based on historical experience and assorted other factors that are believed to be sensible under the fortunes. Actual consequences may differ from these estimations. The estimations and implicit in premises are reviewed on an on-going footing. Critical estimations and premises that are applied in the readying ofA the amalgamate fiscal statements include: Depreciation and amortization The Group exercises opinion to find utile lives and residuary values of intangibles, belongings, works and equipment and investing belongings. The assets are depreciated down to their residuary values over their estimated utile lives. I ) Damage of good will Goodwill originating on concern is non amortised but is studied for damage on an one-year footing, or more often if there are indicants that good will may be impaired. Any good will which is acquired by any other concern is being monitored by the direction degree for damage. Key definition Transporting sum: A the sum at which an plus is recognised in the balance sheet after subtracting accrued depreciation and accumulated impairment losingss. Recoverable sum: A the higher of an plus s just value less costs to sell ( sometimes called net merchandising monetary value ) and its value in usage. Fair value: A the sum gettable from the sale of an plus in an arm s length dealing between knowing, willing parties. Value in usage: A the discounted present value of the hereafter hard currency flows expected to originate from: The go oning usage of an plus. Its disposal at the terminal of its utile life. Recoverable sums for cash-generating units are based on the higher of value in usage and just value less costs to sell. Value in usage is calculated from hard currency flow projections for by and large five old ages utilizing informations from the Group s latest internal prognosiss. The cardinal premises for the value in usage computations are price reduction rates, growing rates and expected alterations in borders. Management estimation price reduction rates utilizing pre-tax rates that reflect the current market appraisal of the clip value of money and the hazards specific to the cash-generating units. Changes in selling monetary values and direct costs are based on past experience and outlooks of future alterations in the market. The pre-tax price reduction rates utilized by the board to calculate value in usage range from 6 % to 17 % ( 2011: 8 % to 14 % ) . On a post-tax footing, the price reduction rates fluctuated from 5 % to 13 % ( 2011: 6 % to 12 % ) ( Tesco one-year study, 2 012 ) .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .postImageUrl , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:hover , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:visited , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:active { border:0!important; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:active , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nineteen Eighty Four - Fiction EssayThe illustration of good will being calculated can be seen in following states. States 2012 ?m 2011 ?m China Czech Republic United kingdom United states 622 73 681 102 582 34 645 78 two ) Damage of assets An entity shall measure at the terminal of each coverage period whether there is any indicant that an plus may be impaired. If any such indicant exists, the entity shall gauge the recoverable sum of the plus. The Group has determined each shop as a separate cash-generating unit for impairment testing. Where there are indexs for damage, the Group performs an impairment trial. Recoverable sums for cash-generating units are based on the higher ofA value in usage and just value less costs to sell. Value in usage is calculated from hard currency flow projections for five old ages utilizing informations from the Group s latestA internal prognosiss. Similar as damage of good will above the cardinal premises made by the direction are price reduction rates, growing rates and expected alterations in borders. The pre-tax price reduction rates used to cipher value in usage scope from 6 % to 17 % ( 2011: 6 % to 14 % ) . On a post-tax footing, the price reduction rates ranged from 5 % to 13 % ( 20 11: 6 % to 12 % ) . ( Tesco one-year study, 2012 ) The entire deprecation and damage charged for 2012 ( 2011 ) can be seen below: Non-Current Assetss 2012 ?m 2011 ?m Property, works and equipment Investing Property 9062 1991 8172 1863 Pensions In footings of price reduction rates used while in pensions it is assumed to be 5.2 % . If this premise increased/ decreased by 0.1 % , the UK defined benefit duty would decrease/increase by about ?170m and the one-year UK current service cost would decrease/increase by about ?14m. It can be seen how premises and opinions can lend towards the company accounts. Proposed alterations in International Financial Reporting Standards There have been many major alterations reported in fiscal coverage in the concern universe nevertheless ; the most of import proposed alteration is the convergence around International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) . IFRSs are considered a rules based set of criterions in that they set up wide regulations every bit good as ordering specific interventions. Below are some proposed alterations in IFRS and how they will impact the company. IAS 19 ( Amended ) Recently the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) hasA publishedA a alteration to the accounting criterion for pension and employee benefits, IAS19. These alterations apply to companies utilizing International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) , and are besides relevant for those presently utilizing UK GAAP. ( PWC, 2013 ) Most UK companies will see a higher reported pension disbursal in the net income and loss ( P A ; L ) statement as a consequence of these alterations. Companies will no longer be able to take recognition for likely investing out-performance of equities above corporate bonds. There will be greater balance sheet volatility for the minority of companies that presently apply the option to postpone actuarial additions and losingss, known as the corridor approach.A ( PWC, 2013 ) The Company participates in the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme which is a multi-employer strategy within the Tesco Group. The alterations in IFRS are implemented from the periods get downing on or after 1 January 2013. In pattern it will take the corridor attack and all the actuarial addition and losingss will necessitate immediate acknowledgment in the other comprehensive income. The involvement cost and the expected return on assets elements of the P A ; L pension disbursal computation will be combined in future. The impact will depend on the future place of the pension strategy and future actuarial premises, but the alterations are non expected to hold a material consequence on the Group s reported net incomes or equity. IAS 17 Leases The chief proposed alteration that is under consideration by International Accounting Standard Board ( IASB ) is that rentals would be recorded on the balance sheet and besides discourse the categorization and form of disbursals in the income statement. ( Ernst and Young, 2010 ) In Tesco the rentals are non recorded in the balance sheet and as consequence presenting this alteration will hold a important impact on the balance sheet. For illustration, the operating rental Entire rental collectible Entire lease receivable 2012 ( ?m ) 2011 ( ?m ) 2012 ( ?m ) 2011 ( ?m ) 17,323 16,015 936 1,129 Showing these sums in the balance can hold significant impact on how a stockholder looks at the balance sheet. Decision Tesco plays an of import function in the modern British society by supplying all the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours necessities to the local people and is regarded as the one of the biggest nutrient retail merchant in U.K. This essay examined Tesco s cardinal accounting policies in relation to non-current assets and discussed how some of them are recognised and measured for book-keeping intents. Besides the non-currents assets which accounts a large portion of Tesco group is non merely a important sum in the balance sheet but in add-on represent the company as whole. It besides discussed the function of direction in finding the estimations and judgements while fixing the fiscal statements. Any alteration in the premise can hold rather a major impact on net incomes. For illustration if company decided to compose off good will and rate being used at the minute is 10 % and the company decided to alter it to 15 % . That alteration can take to impact the net incomes in the P A ; L history and so farther the balance sheet. In the last portion of the essay it has been discussed the proposed alterations in International Financial Reporting Standards and how they will impact Tesco once they are put into pattern. Some regulations like IAS 19 which will non hold that greater affect on Tesco histories because Tesco does nt utilize corridor attack in their accounting and on another manus IAS 17 will demo huge alterations on balance sheets.